• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ALLOYS BASED ON NICKEL WITH SILICON, ALUMINUM AND CHROME. The present invention relates to a nickel-based alloy consisting of (in% by mass) 1.5 to 3.0% Si, 1.5 to 3.0% Al, (greater) 0.1 to 3.0% of Cr, with Al + Si + Cr being (greater than equal) 4.0 and (less than equal) 8.0 with the contents of Si, Al and Cr filled in%, 0.005 to 0.20% Fe, 0.01 to 0.20% of Y, (equal less) 0.001 to 0.20% of one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, where Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) is (greater than equal) 0.02 and (less than equal) 0.30 with the contents of Y, Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti are filled in%, 0.001 to 0.10% of C, 0.0005 to 0.10% of N, 0.001 to 0.20% of Mn, 0.0001 to 0.08% of Mg, 0.0001 to 0.010% of O, at most 0.015% S, at most 0.80% Cu, Ni remaining and common impurities conditioned by production.
    公开号:BR112015018192B1
    申请号:R112015018192-9
    申请日:2014-01-28
    公开日:2021-01-26
    发明作者:Heike Hattendorf；Frank Scheide；Larry Paul
    申请人:VDM Metals GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a nickel-based alloy with silicon, aluminum, chromium and reactive elements as alloying components.
    [0002] Nickel-based alloys are used, among others, to produce ignition element electrodes for combustion engines. These electrodes are exposed to temperatures between 400 ° C and 950 ° C. Additionally, the atmosphere changes between reducing and oxidizing conditions. This results in material destruction or loss of material through high temperature corrosion in the surface area of the electrodes. The production of the ignition spark leads to another charge (ignition erosion). At the base of the ignition spark, temperatures of several 1,000 ° C result, and in a rupture, currents flow in the first nanoseconds of up to 100 A. In each spark discharge a limited volume of material is melted in the electrodes and this is partially evaporated, which produces a loss of material.
    [0003] Additionally, the motor oscillations increase the mechanical load.
    [0004] An electrode material should have the following properties:
    [0005] Good resistance against corrosion at elevated temperature, in particular oxidation, but also sulfurization, carbonation and nitriding. Immediately thereafter, resistance against the resulting erosion by the ignition spark is required. In addition, the material should not be sensitive to thermal shock and heat resistant. In addition, the material should have good thermal conductivity, good electrical conductivity and a sufficiently high melting point. It should be able to be processed well and be economical.
    [0006] In particular, nickel alloys must fulfill a good potential of this spectrum of properties. Compared to noble metals, these are economical, do not show any phase transformations up to the melting point, such as cobalt or iron, are comparatively insensitive to carbonation and nitriding, have good thermostability, good resistance to corrosion and can be well shaped and welded.
    [0007] For the two damage mechanisms, namely, high temperature corrosion and EDM, the type of oxide layer formation is of particular importance.
    [0008] In order to obtain an optimal formation of the oxide layer for the case of concrete application, several alloying elements of nickel-based alloys are known.
    [0009] In the following, all concentration data are indicated in% by mass, when not expressly stated otherwise.
    [00010] A nickel alloy is known from DE 29 36 312 A1, consisting of about 0.2 to 3% Si, about 0.5% or less of Mn, at least two metals, selected from the group , which consists of about 0.2 to 3% Cr, about 0.2 to 3% Al and about 0.01 to 1% Y, the rest is nickel.
    [00011] In DE-A 102 24 891 a nickel-based alloy is proposed, which contains 1.8 to 2.2% silicon, 0.05 to 0.1% yttrium and / or hafnium and / or zirconium , 2 to 2.4% aluminum, the remainder is nickel.
    [00012] EP 1 867 739 A1 proposes a nickel-based alloy, containing 1.5 to 2.5% silicon, 1.5 to 3% aluminum, 0 to 0.5% manganese, 0 , 05 to 0.2% titanium in combination with 0.1 to 0.3% zirconium, and the Zr can be totally or partially replaced by the double mass of hafnium.
    [00013] DE 10 2006 035 111 A1 proposes a nickel-based alloy, which contains 1.2 to 2.0% aluminum, 1.2 to 1.8% silicon, 0.001 to 0.1% aluminum carbon, 0.001 to 0.1% sulfur, maximum 0.1% chromium, maximum 0.01% manganese ', maximum 0.1% Cu, maximum 0.2% iron, 0.005% 0.06% magnesium, maximum 0.005% lead, 0.05 to 0.15% Y and 0.05 to 0.10% hafnium or lanthanum, the rest is nickel and impurities conditioned by production.
    [00014] The brochure "Drahte von ThyssenKrupp VDM Automobilindustrie", edition of 01/2006, on page 18 describes an alloy according to the state of the art - NiCr2MnSi with a maximum of 1.4 to 1.8% Cr 0.3% Fe, maximum 0.5% C, 1.3 to 1.8% Mn, 0.4 to 0.65% Si, maximum 0.15% Cu and maximum 0 , 15% Ti.
    [00015] The purpose of the objective of the invention is to make a nickel-based alloy available, through which there is an increase in the service life of components produced from it, which can be obtained by increasing the resistance to EDM and corrosion with conformability and weldability (processability) simultaneously satisfactory. The alloy must in particular have a high corrosion resistance and also in the case of fuels with a very corrosive action, such as, for example, with a fraction of ethanol, it must have a sufficiently high resistance to corrosion.
    [00016] The purpose is obtained by a nickel-based alloy, containing (in% by mass) Si 1.5 to 3.0% Al 1.5 to 3.0% Cr> 0.1 to 3.0% , with 4.0 <of Al + Si + Cr <8.0 are completed with the contents of Si, Al and Cr in% Fe 0.005 to 0.20%, Y 0.01 to 0.20%, 0.001 to 0 , 20% of one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, where Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) is> 0, 02 and <0.30 are with the contents of Y, Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti are filled in%, C 0.001 to 0.10% N 0.0005 to 0.10% Mn 0.001 to 0.20% Mg 0.0001 to 0.08% O 0.0001 to 0.010% S at most 0.015% Cu at most 0.80% Ni remaining and with common impurities conditioned by production.
    [00017] Preferred embodiments of the objective of the invention are taken from the subordinate claims.
    [00018] The silicon content is between 1.5 and 3.0%, and preferably defined levels can be adjusted within the expansion range: 1.8 to 3.0% 1.8 to 2.5% .
    [00019] This applies in the same way for the aluminum element, which is adjusted in levels between 1.5 to 3.0%. Preferred levels can be given as follows: 1.5 to 2.5% 1.6 to 2.5% 1.6 to 2.2% 1.6 to 2.0%.
    [00020] This applies in the same way for the chromium element, which is adjusted in levels between> 0.1 to 3.0%. Preferred levels can be given as follows: 0.8 to 3.0% 1.2 to 3.0% 1.9 to 3.0% 1.9 to 2.5%.
    [00021] For the elements Al, Si and Cr, the formula Al + Si + Cr is> 4.0 and <8.0 must be filled with the contents of Si, Al and Cr in%. Preferred ranges result for 4.5 <Al + Si + Cr <7.5% 5.5 <Al + Si + Cr <6.8%.
    [00022] Likewise, this applies to the iron element, which is adjusted in levels between 0.005 to 0.20%. Preferred levels can be given as follows: 0.005 to 0.10% 0.005 to 0.05%.
    [00023] In addition, it is favorable to add the yttrium alloy with a content of 0.01% to 0.20% and 0.001 to 0.20% of one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, being that 0.02 <Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) <0.30 are completed with the contents of Y, Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti in%. Preferred ranges, in this case, are given as follows: Y 0.01 to 0.15% Y 0.02 to 0.10% Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti 0.001 to 0.15% with 0.02 < Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) <0.25 Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti have respectively 0.001 to 0.10% with 0.02 <Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) <0.20 Hf, Zr, Ti have 0.01 to 0.05% or La, Ce respectively respectively 0.001 to 0.10% with 0.02 <Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) <0.20.
    [00024] Carbon is adjusted in the alloy in the same way and, in fact, in levels between 0.001 to 0.10%. Preferably, the contents can be adjusted in the alloy as follows: 0.001 to 0.05%.
    [00025] Likewise, nitrogen is adjusted in the alloy and, in fact, in levels between 0.0005 to 0.10%. Preferably, the contents can be adjusted in the alloy as follows: 0.001 to 0.05%.
    [00026] Can the Mn element be given in the alloy as follows Mn 0.001 to 0.20%
    [00027] preferably being given the following ranges: Mn 0.001 to 0.10% Mn 0.001 to 0.08%.
    [00028] Magnesium is adjusted in levels from 0.0001 to 0.08%. Preferably, it is possible to adjust this element in the alloy as follows: 0.001 to 0.08%
    [00029] The alloy may contain, if necessary, in addition, calcium in levels between 0.0001 and 0.06%.
    [00030] The sulfur content is limited to a maximum of 0.015%. Preferred levels can be given as follows: S at most 0.010%.
    [00031] The oxygen content is adjusted in the alloy with a content from 0.0001 to 0.010%. Preferably, the following content can be adjusted: 0.0001 to 0.008%.
    [00032] The copper content is limited to a maximum of 0.80%. Preferably, there is a limitation to a maximum of 0.50% and a maximum of 0.20%
    [00033] Finally, in the impurities, the following elements can also be given, as follows: Co maximum 0.50% W maximum 0.02% (maximum 0.10%) Mo maximum 0.02% (maximum 0.10%) Nb maximum 0.02% (maximum 0.10%) V maximum 0.02% (maximum 0.10%) Ta maximum 0.02% (maximum 0, 10%) Pb maximum 0.005% Zn maximum 0.005% Sn maximum 0.005% Bi maximum 0.005% P maximum 0.050% (maximum 0.020%) B maximum 0.020% (maximum 0.010%)
    [00034] The alloy according to the invention is preferably melted open, followed by a treatment in a VOD or VLF installation. But a reduction melt and a vacuum melt are also possible. The alloy is then cast into ingots or as a continuous cast. Optionally, the ingot / continuous casting is then annealed at temperatures between 800 ° C and 1270 ° C for 0.1 hour to 70 hours. In addition, it is possible to re-melt the alloy additionally with ESR and / or VAR. Then, the alloy is taken to the desired semi-finished form. For that purpose, it is optionally annealed at temperatures between 700 ° C and 1270 ° C for 0.1 hour to 70 hours, then it is hot formed, optionally with intermediate anneals between 700 ° C and 1270 ° C for 0, 05 hour to 70 hours. The surface of the material can optionally be roughened (also several times) in the meantime and / or chemically and / or mechanically after hot forming for cleaning. Then, one or more cold conformations can optionally be performed with reduction ratios of up to 99% for the desired semi-finished form, optionally with intermediate anneals between 700 ° C and 1250 ° C for 0.1 minute to 70 hours, optionally under protective gas, such as, for example, argon or hydrogen, followed by cooling in air, in the annealing atmosphere under agitation or in the water bath. Optionally, in the meantime and / or after the last annealing, chemical and / or mechanical cleaning of the material surface can be carried out.
    [00035] The alloy according to the invention can be produced and well used in strip product forms, in particular, in thicknesses from 100 μm to 4 mm, plate, in particular, in thicknesses from 1 mm to 70 mm, bar, in particular, in thicknesses from 10 mm to 500 mm and wire, in particular, in thicknesses from 0.1 mm to 15 mm, tubes, in particular, in wall thicknesses from 0.10 mm to 70 mm and with diameters of 0.2 mm to 3000 mm.
    [00036] These product forms are produced with an average grain size of 4 μm to 600 μm. The preferred range is between 10 μm and 200 μm.
    [00037] The nickel-based alloy according to the invention can preferably be used as a material for spark plug electrodes for gasoline engines.
    [00038] The limits claimed for the league can therefore be substantiated individually, as follows:
    [00039] Resistance to oxidation increases with increasing Si content. A minimum content of 1.5% Si is necessary to obtain sufficiently high resistance to oxidation. In the case of higher Si contents, the processability worsens. Therefore, the upper limit is set at 3.0% by weight, Si.
    [00040] With a sufficiently high Si content, an aluminum content of at least 1.5% further increases the resistance to oxidation. With higher Al contents, the processability worsens. Therefore, the upper limit is set at 3.0% by weight.
    [00041] With a sufficiently high Si content and Al content, a chromium content of at least 0.1% further increases the resistance to oxidation. With higher Cr contents, processability worsens. Therefore, the upper limit is set at 3.0% by weight of Cr.
    [00042] For a good resistance to oxidation it is necessary that the sum of Al + Si + Cr is greater than 4.0%, to guarantee a sufficiently good resistance to oxidation. If the sum of Al + Si + Cr is greater than 8.0%, the processability worsens.
    [00043] Iron is limited to 0.20%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation. A very low Fe content increases the production costs of the alloy. Therefore, the iron content is greater than or equal to 0.005%.
    [00044] A minimum content of 0.01% Y is necessary to obtain the effect of Y which increases the resistance to oxidation. The upper limit, due to costs, is set at 0.20%.
    [00045] Resistance to oxidation is further increased by adding at least 0.001% of one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, with Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) must be greater than or equal to 0.02, to obtain the desired oxidation resistance. The addition of at least one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti of more than 0.20% increases costs, with Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0, 6 * (La + Ce) is additionally limited to less than or equal to 0.30 (with the contents of Y, Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti in%).
    [00046] The carbon content should be less than 0.10%, to guarantee processability. Very low C levels cause increased costs in the production of the alloy. Therefore, the carbon content should be greater than 0.001%.
    [00047] Nitrogen is limited to 0.10%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation. Very low N levels cause increased costs in the production of the alloy. Therefore, the nitrogen content should be greater than 0.0005%.
    [00048] Manganese is limited to 0.20%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation. Very low Mn contents cause increased costs in the production of the alloy. Therefore, the manganese content should be greater than 0.001%.
    [00049] Already very low Mg contents improve processing by fixing sulfur, so the occurrence of low melting NiS eutectic is avoided. Therefore, for Mg, a minimum content of 0.0001% is required. In the case of very high levels, intermetallic Ni-Mg phases can occur, which in turn significantly worsen the processability. Therefore, the Mg content is limited to 0.08% by weight.
    [00050] The oxygen content must be less than 0.010%, to guarantee the production capacity of the alloy. Very low oxygen levels cause increased costs. Therefore, the oxygen content should be greater than 0.0001%.
    [00051] Sulfur contents should be kept as low as possible, as this surfactant element impairs oxidation resistance. Therefore, a maximum of 0.015% of S.
    [00052] Copper is limited to 0.80%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation.
    [00053] In the same way as Mg, very low Ca contents also improve processing by fixing sulfur, so the occurrence of NiS eutectic with a low melting point is avoided. For this reason, a minimum content of 0.0001% is required for Ca. In the case of very high levels, intermetallic Ni-Ca phases can occur, which in turn significantly worsen the processability. Therefore, the Ca content is limited to 0.06% by weight.
    [00054] Cobalt is limited to a maximum of 0.50%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation.
    [00055] Molybdenum is limited to a maximum of 0.20%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation. The same applies to wolframium, niobium and also to vanadium.
    [00056] The phosphorus content should be less than 0.050%, as this surfactant element impairs oxidation resistance.
    [00057] The boron content should be kept as low as possible, as this surfactant element impairs oxidation resistance. Therefore, a maximum of 0.020% B is established.
    [00058] Pb is limited to a maximum of 0.005%, as this element reduces resistance to oxidation. The same applies to Zn, Sn and Bi.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    1. Nickel-based alloy, characterized by the fact that it consists of (in% by mass): Si 1.5 to 3.0% Al 1.5 to 3.0% Cr> 0.1 to 3.0% , with 4.0 <Al + Si + Cr <8.0 being satisfied with Si, Al and Cr contents in%, Fe 0.005 to 0.20%, Y 0.01 to 0.20%, <0.001 to 0.20% of one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, with 0.02 <Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce ) <0.30 is satisfied for the contents of Y, Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti in%, C 0.001 to 0.10% N 0.0005 to 0.10% Mn 0.001 to 0.20% Mg 0 .0001 to 0.08% O 0.0001 to 0.010% S at most 0.0150% Cu at most 0.80%, Optionally Ca from 0.0001 to 0.06%. Co no more than 0.50%, W no more than 0.20%, Mo no more than 0.20%, Nb no more than 0.20%, V no more than 0.20%, Ta no more than 0 , 20%, Pb of maximum 0.005%, Zn of maximum 0.005%, Sn of maximum 0.005%, Bi of maximum 0.005%, P of maximum 0.050%, B of maximum 0.020%, Ni remaining and the common impurities conditioned by production.
    [0002]
    2. Alloy, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it has a Si content (in mass%) from 1.8 to 3.0%.
    [0003]
    3. Alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that it has a Si content (in mass%) from 1.9 to 2.5%.
    [0004]
    Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that it has an Al content (in% by mass) of 1.5 to 2.5%.
    [0005]
    Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it has an Al content (in mass%) of 1.6 to 2.5%.
    [0006]
    6. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that it has an Al content (in% by mass) of 1.6 to 2.2%, in particular, of 1.6 to 2 , 0%.
    [0007]
    7. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that it has a Cr content (in mass%) from 0.8 to 3.0%.
    [0008]
    8. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that it has a Cr content (in mass%) of 1.2 to 3.0%.
    [0009]
    9. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that it has a Cr content (in mass%) from 1.9 to 3.0%, preferably from 1.9 to 2, 5%.
    [0010]
    10. Alloy according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that the formula 4,5 <Al + Si + Cr <7,5 is satisfied for the contents of Si, Al and Cr in% .
    [0011]
    11. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that it has an Fe content (in% by mass) of 0.005 to 0.10%.
    [0012]
    Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it has a Y content (in mass%) from 0.015 to 0.15%.
    [0013]
    13. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact that it has a Y content (in% by mass) of 0.015 to 0.15% and 0.001 to 0.15% of one or more of the elements Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, with 0.02 <Y + 0.5 * Hf + Zr + 1.8 * Ti + 0.6 * (La + Ce) <0.25 being satisfied for the contents of Y, Hf, Zr, La, Ce, Ti in%.
    [0014]
    14. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that it has a C content (in mass%) of 0.001 to 0.05% and an N content (in mass%) of 0.001 to 0.05%.
    [0015]
    Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact that it has an Mn content (in mass%) from 0.001 to 0.10%.
    [0016]
    16. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by the fact that it has an Mg content (in% by mass) of 0.0015 to 0.08%.
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-07-16| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-03-17| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-26| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/01/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013004365.4|2013-03-14|
    DE102013004365.4A|DE102013004365B4|2013-03-14|2013-03-14|Nickel-based alloy with silicon, aluminum and chrome|
    PCT/DE2014/000034|WO2014139490A1|2013-03-14|2014-01-28|Nickel-based alloy with silicon, aluminum, and chromium|
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